Make the crust. Place the flour, cornmeal, salt and sugar in the bowl of a food processor, and pulse several times to combine. Add the butter, and process until the mixture resembles coarse meal, about 10 seconds. With the machine running, pour the ice water through the feed tube in a slow, steady stream, until the dough just holds together (do not process for more than 30 seconds). Turn the dough out onto a clean work surface. Divide in half, and place each half on a piece of plastic wrap. Flatten each to form a disk. Wrap, and refrigerate at least 1 hour.: The dry ingredients should smell faintly of corn and grain, a gentle foundation that signals structure. As you pulse, listen for short, staccato bursts rather than a continuous whirr, which keeps the mixture airy. The goal is an even blend before adding the butter . A common mistake at this phase is over-pulsing, which warms the fat; keep pulses quick and cool to preserve flakiness.
While the crust chills, make the rhubarb filling. Combine the diced rhubarb, both sugars, the cornstarch and salt in a medium saucepan and place over medium-low heat. Cook, stirring occasionally, until the rhubarb releases its liquid and begins to breakdown, creating a thick, chunky sauce, about 10 minutes. Remove the pan from the heat and stir in the vanilla extract. Set aside to cool to room temperature.: You want visible pea sized bits of butter distributed through the flour. These cold pockets will steam in the oven and create flakiness. Stop once you see a coarse meal texture, do not process until smooth. If the mixture becomes pasty, the dough may be dense after baking.
One at a time, roll each disk of dough into a 14-inch circle. Using freehand or an upside-down bowl, cut out 5-inch circles and place on a large, parchment-lined baking sheet. Refrigerate for at least 1 hour. Meanwhile, preheat the oven to 375 degrees F.: Add the ice water sparingly, watching as the mixture begins to clump. It should not form a cohesive ball in the processor, rather a mass that holds when pinched. The sound will change from dry to a softly clumping patter. Over-hydrating can cause stickiness that is hard to roll, so err on the side of slightly drier dough.
Spoon rhubarb filling into the center of each dough round (about 2 big spoonfuls), leaving about an inch border around the edge. Fold the border over the rhubarb mixture, overlapping where necessary and pressing gently to adhere the folds.: The dough will feel cool and slightly tacky. Press it gently to bring it together, gathering any loose bits. If it seems crumbly, fold it a couple times rather than kneading, to avoid developing gluten, which makes the crust tough. Avoid warming the dough with your hands, which can soften the butter .
Brush the edges of the dough with egg, and sprinkle with sugar. Bake until the crust is golden brown and the filling bubbles a bit, 20 to 25 minutes. Serve warm or at room temperature. Top with whipped cream or vanilla ice cream.: Portioning here gives you manageable disks that chill evenly. Flatten each into a disk shape so they chill quickly and uniformly, which makes rolling much easier later. A frequent error is wrapping the dough too thickly, which delays chilling time and makes rolling uneven.
Note: The dough can be frozen, wrapped well in plastic, for up to three weeks before using.: As the dough chills, the butter firms up and the gluten relaxes. You should feel the dough tighten as it cools. Chilling at least 1 hour yields a dough that rolls without tearing and produces a crisper crust. Rushing this rest often causes shrinkage during baking.
While the crust chills, make the rhubarb filling. Combine the diced rhubarb, both sugars, the cornstarch and salt in a medium saucepan and place over medium-low heat: When the pan first warms, you will hear an initial soft simmer and see juices start to bead around the fruit. The sugars draw moisture out, and the cornstarch dissolves into those juices. Stirring helps distribute heat for even breakdown. A common misstep is using too high a flame which can over cook the rhubarb too quickly and darken the flavor.
Cook, stirring occasionally, until the rhubarb releases its liquid and begins to breakdown, creating a thick, chunky sauce, about 10 minutes: Watch the texture change from firm stalks to chunks suspended in glossy syrup, and inhale the fruity, slightly green aroma as the acid mellows. The sound will be gentle bubbling, not a violent boil. If you overcook, it can turn mushy and lose pleasant texture, so remove it when it reaches a chunky but cohesive consistency.
Remove the pan from the heat and stir in the vanilla extract: Aromatics like vanilla extract bloom off-heat, so adding it now preserves its fragrance. The filling should steam lightly as you stir, releasing a warm scent. Allowing it to cool prevents the heat from weakening the structure of the dough when you fill it. Adding vanilla too early can cause the flavor to fade through long cooking.
Set aside to cool to room temperature: Cooling is crucial, because warm filling can soften the dough and make it soggy. As it comes to room temperature, the filling will thicken slightly as the cornstarch sets, and its glossy appearance becomes more pronounced. Rushing to fill while hot often results in runny tartlets.
One at a time, roll each disk of dough into a 14-inch circle: The dough should be cool and slightly firm under the rolling pin. Aim for even thickness so each tartlet bakes consistently. Rolling on a lightly floured surface with short, even strokes avoids sticking and tearing. If the dough resists, return it to the fridge briefly rather than forcing it, which risks losing flakiness.
Using freehand or an upside-down bowl, cut out 5-inch circles and place on a large, parchment-lined baking sheet: The cut circles should have clean edges and sit chilled on the sheet. The parchment prevents sticking and helps the bottoms brown evenly. If circles become misshapen, pop them back in the fridge for a few minutes to firm up before folding.
Refrigerate for at least 1 hour: Chilling the shaped rounds firms the layers again, reducing spreading in the oven and ensuring a flaky finish. You will notice the surface becomes matte as the fat firms. Skipping this step can lead to flatter, less textured crusts.
Meanwhile, preheat the oven to 375 degrees F: A properly preheated oven ensures the crust begins to set quickly, creating flake and lift from the steam of melting butter . The oven should be fully up to temperature before the tartlets go in, or they may bake unevenly. A slow oven can yield soggy bottoms.
Spoon rhubarb filling into the center of each dough round (about 2 big spoonfuls), leaving about an inch border around the edge: Place the filling so it sits slightly high in the center, making room to fold the rim over. The filling will be glossy and thick, and you should feel a gentle weight as you drop it in. Overfilling will cause leakage and soggy edges, so keep to the recommended portion.
Fold the border over the rhubarb mixture, overlapping where necessary and pressing gently to adhere the folds: The folded edge should look rustic and secure, with small pleats where needed. Press gently so the dough sticks without sealing completely; the open center allows steam to escape and the filling to bubble. Pressing too firmly can prevent the crust from puffing at the edges.
Brush the edges of the dough with egg, and sprinkle with sugar: The egg wash gives a golden gloss while the sanding sugar adds crunch and shimmer. Apply the egg lightly with a brush in long strokes for an even sheen. Too much egg can pool and create darker spots.
Bake until the crust is golden brown and the filling bubbles a bit, 20 to 25 minutes: In the oven you will see the edges color to a warm gold and hear faint bubbling as the filling simmers. The aroma will be a mix of baked butter and fruit. Pull them when the crust has good color and the filling shows occasional bubbles, as underbaking leaves the filling loose and overbaking dries the pastry.
Serve warm or at room temperature: Warm tartlets have a silky filling and crisp crust, while room temperature ones slice cleanly and make for easier transport. If you wait until cold, the filling firms up and the texture changes; plan your serving time accordingly.
Top with whipped cream or vanilla ice cream: A cool dollop of cream tempers the fruit's tang and adds richness to each bite. The contrast of hot filling and cold cream creates a lovely mouthfeel. Avoid heavy toppings that overwhelm the delicate rhubarb flavor.
Note: The dough can be frozen, wrapped well in plastic, for up to three weeks before using : Freezing chilled dough disks extends prep flexibility without sacrificing texture. Thaw in the refrigerator overnight before rolling, and handle gently to retain the fat pockets. Refreezing after thawing will degrade the dough's final quality, so use thawed dough promptly.