Preheat oven to 350°F and line a 9×13-inch pan with parchment paper or spray with non-stick cooking spray.: When you open the oven and feel the warmth, that steady oven hum signals readiness, and lining the pan prevents sticking and makes removal easier, which preserves the cake edges. A common mistake is placing the pan in too soon and losing oven heat, so wait until the oven reaches the full temperature. The even heat ensures a uniform rise and a tender crumb.
In the bowl of a stand mixer, fitted with the paddle attachment, or with a hand mixer in a large bowl, beat together the cake mix, pudding mix, sour cream, oil, eggs, vanilla, and water on medium speed until well combined, about 2 minutes. Be sure to scrape the bottom of your bowl as needed.: You will notice the batter become glossy and homogenous, with no streaks of dry mix. The sound changes from splashing to a steady, smooth whir when it is properly combined. This mixing step develops structure from the eggs and loosens the batter for easy spreading. Avoid over mixing which can make the crumb tight and tough.
Spoon batter into the prepared pan and use an offset spatula or spoon to spread the batter into an even layer.: Gentle taps on the counter settle the batter and remove pockets of air, producing an even surface that bakes consistently. Visually, the batter should level out without ridges, and you should see a uniform sheen across the top. Pressing too hard or dragging aggressively can create dense areas, so spread with light, even strokes.
Bake in preheated oven for 35-40 minutes, or until golden brown and the top of the cake springs back when lightly touched.: The kitchen will fill with a warm citrus kissed aroma and the edges will pull slightly from the pan. The spring back test is key, indicating the center is set but still tender. A mistake is removing it too early which leaves a gummy center, so rely on the spring back and a toothpick if unsure, noting any wet batter on the tester means it needs more time.
While the cake is baking, make the filling: In a large microwave-safe bowl, whisk together the sugar and eggs until smooth and light in color. Whisk in the lemon zest, lemon juice, and melted butter until well combined.: Whisking introduces air and helps the sugar dissolve, yielding a smoother curd. You will see the mixture lighten and thicken slightly, with a pale, satiny appearance. If you skip thorough whisking you risk uneven cooking and tiny cooked egg bits, so take time to beat until uniform before heating.
Microwave on high in 1-minute increments for 4-5 minutes total, whisking after each minute, until the curd has thickened and coats the back of a spoon. Towards the end, you may want to microwave in 30-second intervals, depending on your microwave.: At this point the bowl will smell intensely of fresh citrus and the butter will smooth the liquid into a glossy, cohesive mixture. This fat anchors the acid and creates a balanced mouthfeel. Avoid pouring hot melted butter directly into cold eggs without tempering as it can scramble them, so ensure the butter is warm, not scalding.
Use a spatula to push the curd through a fine mesh strainer into a bowl or measuring cup. Set aside.: You will observe the mixture transforming from runny to custard like thickness, and the aroma will become more concentrated. Stirring between intervals prevents pockets of overheated curd and ensures even set. A common trap is overheating which causes grainy texture, so watch closely and switch to 30 second bursts near the end if your microwave runs hot.
When the cake is finished baking, allow to cool for 10 minutes. Using a smoothie straw or the handle of a wooden spoon, poke holes across the cake, spaced every inch or so, halfway into the cake.: Straining removes zested bits and any small cooked egg fragments for a silky curd. The resulting liquid should be smooth and glossy, with a thick ribbon like consistency when drizzled from your spatula. If you skip straining you may end with a slightly gritty curd, which affects mouthfeel.
Pour the lemon curd evenly over the cake, smoothing it with a spatula and making sure it gets into the holes. Allow cake to cool completely.: The warm cake will yield slightly under your touch, and the holes should be deep enough to allow the curd to sink in without cutting through to the bottom. You will hear a soft give as you poke, and the surface will look dotted. Avoid poking too deep or too few holes which leads to uneven soaking; consistent spacing ensures every bite is infused.
Evenly spread the whipped topping onto the cake. Cover and chill for at least 4 hours. If desired, top with lemon zest or lemon slices before serving.: As the curd flows, it will gleam and settle into the cake, and you should notice glossy pools filling the punctures. That sink in is what creates the custardy interior. If you pour while the cake is too hot you risk thinning the curd and losing thickness, so cool slightly to aid absorption without cooking the curd further.
Evenly spread the whipped topping onto the cake Cover and chill for at least 4 hours If desired top with lemon zest or lemon slices before serving: Spreading the whipped topping creates a cloud like cap over the tart curd, and chilling lets flavors meld and the texture firm just enough for clean slices. In the fridge you will notice the curd settle and the topping regain a slightly denser texture. A common error is serving too soon, which results in a runny cake, so allow adequate chill time for best slices and presentation.