Preheat your oven to 425°F (220°C). This high temperature is crucial for achieving that perfect rise.
Cut the chilled butter or shortening into small cubes. By doing this, it will be easier to work into the flour. The goal is to incorporate it without fully melting it, which would defeat the purpose of creating those flaky layers.
In a medium-sized bowl, combine the self-rising flour, sugar, and cream of tartar. Mixing these dry ingredients first ensures even distribution of the leavening agents.
Add the cubed butter or shortening into the flour mixture. Use a pastry cutter or your fingers to work it into the flour until the mixture resembles coarse crumbs or large sand grains. This is where the magic happens; the little chunks of fat will create layers as they melt during baking.
Slowly pour in the buttermilk, mixing gently until it forms a cohesive dough. Be careful not to overmix because it can lead to tough biscuits. You want just enough moisture to bring everything together.
On a floured surface, turn out the dough and shape it into a round disc, about 3/4 inch thick. Working on a lightly floured surface prevents the dough from sticking and allows for easy handling.
Using a rolling pin, gently roll the dough to about 3/4 inch thick, ensuring that you don’t press too hard. This gentle touch helps maintain the tenderness of the biscuits.
With a biscuit cutter, cut out the biscuits and place them on an ungreased cookie sheet. Try to cut straight down without twisting; this helps them rise evenly.
Brush the tops of the biscuits with the melted butter. This will not only add flavor but also promote a beautiful golden brown color.
Bake in the preheated oven for 12 to 15 minutes or until the tops are lightly golden. Keep an eye on them as oven times may vary.