In a large bowl, whisk the flour, baking powder, and salt to combine.: The dry ingredients should smell faintly wheaty and fresh after whisking, with the flour appearing light and aerated. Whisking helps distribute the baking powder and salt so there are no concentrated pockets. As you whisk, notice the texture change from compacted to powdery and loose, which makes it easier for the fat to cut in evenly later. A common mistake here is not breaking up lumps, which can create uneven pockets of leavening. If you feel clumps, press them through a fine sieve or break them apart with the whisk. Properly combined, the mixture will have an even, dusty appearance and a faint neutral scent.
Add in the shortening and warm water. Use a spatula or wooden spoon to mix. Cover and let rest at room temperature for 20 minutes.: After adding the shortening and the warm water , the bowl will go from dusty to shaggy, and the dough will begin to come together in a tacky mass. Mixing by hand gives you a direct feel for hydration; it should be pliable, not sticky. The rest period is crucial because it relaxes the gluten and allows the fats to meld into the dough, which leads to a tender interior. During the rest you might detect a mild yeasty aroma from the warm water, though there is no yeast in this recipe. A frequent error is skipping the rest, which often results in tougher pastry that resists rolling. Covering the dough prevents a skin from forming and keeps moisture consistent.
Lightly flour your surface and roll the dough into a rectangle about 1/4 inch thick. Use a pizza cutter to cut the dough into 3-inch squares. They don’t have to be perfect.: As you roll, you will feel the dough relax and spread; it should glide under the pin rather than tear. The surface will show faint drag marks from the rolling pin, and the thickness should be uniform to ensure even puffing. When cutting squares, press cleanly with the pizza cutter to avoid dragging the edges, which can seal the sides and reduce puff. Small imperfections are fine and give a rustic look. Avoid rolling too thin, or the sopapillas will become overly crisp and lack the airy pocket inside.
Heat 1 1/2 inches of oil in a Dutch oven to 375 degrees. Line a baking sheet with paper towels.: The oil will shimmer and move fluidly when it’s near temperature, and a deep frying thermometer will give you a precise readout. At 375 degrees the surface reacts quickly, sealing and crisping the exterior while steam expands inside to create the puff. The smell of hot oil will be present but not harsh if the temperature is controlled. A typical misstep is overheating the oil, which causes rapid browning and undercooked interiors. Conversely, oil that is too cool yields greasy, heavy results. Adjust the heat gradually until the thermometer stabilizes at the target temperature, and keep an eye as you fry because the oil temperature can drop when you add dough.
Once hot, fry the sopapillas in batches until golden and puffed, about 1-2 minutes per side. Fry only a few pieces at a time to avoid overcrowding the pot, which can lower the oil temperature and result in soggy sopapillas. Remove with a slotted spoon and place on the paper towel-lined baking sheet to drain.: As pieces hit the oil you will hear a lively sizzle, and within seconds the edges begin to set and the center bulges as steam inflates the pastry. The color shift to a warm golden tone is a key visual cue that indicates readiness to flip. Work quickly but calmly, rotating when both sides show even coloring. One common mistake is overcrowding, which chills the oil and produces limp, oily pastry. Use a slotted spoon to lift each puff and let excess oil drip back into the pot before transferring to the towel lined sheet to preserve crispness.
Repeat until all the sopapillas have been fried.: The frying rhythm picks up as the batches progress, and you may notice the oil temperature fluctuate slightly with each addition. Keep the flame adjusted so the thermometer reads close to 375 degrees before adding the next batch. Smell is a good guide here; the scent should remain pleasantly toasty, not acrid. If the color of the puffs begins to darken too quickly, reduce the heat a bit and let the oil stabilize. A common slip is rushing through batches, which often yields uneven results; patience between batches ensures consistent texture and color.
Serve warm with a drizzle of honey.: Warm sopapillas will steam gently when placed on the serving platter, and a glossy ribbon of honey anchors the experience with sweet moisture. The contrast of warm pastry and sticky honey is irresistible, and the aroma becomes a honeyed, toasted note that invites everyone to dig in. If you let them sit too long, they lose steam and the interior becomes less inviting, so serve shortly after frying. A frequent oversight is pouring cold honey over cooled pastry, which does not meld as nicely; warming the honey slightly helps it flow and soak in evenly.