Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Line a 9 x 13" pan with parchment paper or tinfoil so the paper comes over the edges of the pan, making it easier to remove the bars once cooled.: You will notice a warm, dry scent when the oven reaches temperature and the pan should feel stable when you press the parchment into place. Proper lining provides a sling so you can lift the bars out cleanly, avoiding jagged cuts. If you skip the sling you risk tearing the crust when removing the bars, which affects presentation. A common mistake is not securing the parchment at the corners, causing it to shift during baking; tuck the edges tightly so the crust presses evenly into the pan.
Combine the ingredients for the crust in a large bowl and use a pastry cutter to make a coarse and crumbly mixture. Alternatively you can place the ingredients into your food processor and pulse until mixture becomes crumbly.: As you cut the butter into the all purpose flour and brown sugar , you should feel small pea sized pieces of butter distributed throughout the dry mix, and the aroma will turn slightly rich and nutty. Those pea sized bits are crucial because they melt in the oven and create that tender, flaky crumb. If you overwork the dough it can become mealy or greasy, losing that desirable texture. A frequent error is letting the butter warm up too much, which leads to a heavy crust rather than a delicate one.
Press the mixture into an even layer in the prepared 9 x 13" pan. Bake for 15 to 20 minutes or until a pale golden brown.: When you press the crust, aim for an even thickness across the pan so it bakes uniformly; visually check edges to ensure they are not thinner than the center. During baking you will see the edges turn a pale golden brown and you may smell a toasty, buttery note rising from the oven, signaling readiness. If you underbake the crust the final bars can be soggy from the filling, while overbaking will make them too crumbly and dry. Avoid pressing too hard which can compress the texture and make the base dense.
While the crust is baking combine the ingredients for the filling in a large bowl and whisk until smooth. Pour mixture over the crust and bake for an additional 30 to 35 minutes, or until the center is set.: As you whisk the eggs , sugar , lemon juice , lemon zest , and a bit of all purpose flour , the mixture should go from grainy to glossy and slightly thickened; the fragrance of citrus will become pronounced and bright. Pouring it onto the warm crust lets the heat begin the set so you should see the filling settle and the surface gently shimmer as it bakes. The center should appear mostly set with only a faint jiggle when gently nudged, similar to a firm custard; this ensures a tender, not rubbery, texture. A common pitfall is overbaking until the surface cracks, which results in a dry filling, so remove as soon as the wobble is slight.
Let bars cool completely and then lift out of the pan by holding the sides of the paper and lifting straight up. Cut into bars and dust with powdered sugar. Keep refrigerated. Enjoy!: Cooling transforms the hot, wobbly custard into a sliceable, silky bar; you will notice the filling tighten and the citrus aroma mellow into a pleasant balance with the buttery base. When you lift the sling, the pan should release cleanly; if the bars are still warm they will be soft and hard to slice neatly, so patience is rewarded. Dusting with powdered sugar creates an inviting visual contrast and adds a faint sweetness on the first bite. A frequent mistake is slicing too soon while the filling is still warm, which leads to ragged edges and a messy plate, so wait until fully cooled and chilled if possible.