Preheat the oven to 375 degrees Fahrenheit and spray a large 13 x 9 casserole dish with cooking spray.: Warmth from a fully preheated oven ensures even baking, and you should feel the kitchen change as the air becomes dry and warm while the oven hits 375 degrees Fahrenheit ; when ready the heat will make the cooking spray sizzle slightly if you test it, indicating a good nonstick surface, and avoid putting an unheated dish into the oven which can lead to uneven cooking and longer bake times.
Chop the chicken and vegetables into bite sized pieces. Toss all of the ingredients into the casserole dish except for half of the grated cheese. Give everything a big stir to ensure the ingredients are well distributed throughout the casserole. The quality of stirring is important here, because we need an even distribution of the rice in order for the liquid to be properly absorbed. So be sure to give it a very thorough stir.: As you cut the chicken , onion , and red bell pepper , listen for the crisp snap of the pepper and notice the garlic fragrance release as you mince it, which signals fresh aromatics; uniform bite sized pieces ensure even cooking and pleasant mouthfeel, and a common mistake is having wildly different sizes which causes some pieces to overcook while others remain underdone.
Cover the casserole dish with aluminum foil and bake on the center rack of the preheated oven for 45 minutes.: When you combine the chicken , rice , canned black beans , green chili , chili powder , chicken broth , salsa , and seasonings, you will notice the mixture take on a cohesive, saucy look as liquid surrounds the solids; the aroma will become warmly spiced and savory, and be careful not to overcrowd the dish or leave large dry pockets of rice which can lead to uneven cooking.
Remove the casserole dish from the oven and remove the foil. Sprinkle the remaining grated cheese on top (about 1.5 cups) then place the baking dish back in the oven. Broil on high for 5 minutes, or until the cheese is golden brown and melted.: Proper stirring helps the rice settle evenly so each grain absorbs the chicken broth and salsa , creating uniform tenderness; as you stir, watch for an even color and distribution of spices, and avoid a sloppy, overly vigorous mix that could mash the ingredients rather than blend them gently.
Cover the casserole dish with aluminum foil and bake on the center rack of the preheated oven for 45 minutes: Covered baking traps steam, which is what allows the rice to plump and the chicken to cook through without drying, and during this time you will smell the garlic and chili notes intensify as flavors meld; a common pitfall is baking on the top or bottom rack which can brown the top too early or leave the bottom undercooked, so always use the center rack.
Remove the casserole dish from the oven and remove the foil: After removing the foil you will see the surface settle and steam will escape with a warm, savory cloud; this pause lets the top dry just enough so cheese can brown properly under the broiler, and avoid leaving the foil on when broiling which prevents the cheese from achieving a golden finish.
Sprinkle the remaining grated cheese on top then place the baking dish back in the oven: As you add the reserved colby jack cheese , watch the moist surface accept the shreds, creating a blanket for browning; returning the dish to high heat encourages the cheese to bubble and form a slightly crisp edge, and resist the urge to cover it again which will steam the cheese rather than brown it.
Broil on high for 5 minutes, or until the cheese is golden brown and melted: Under the broiler the cheese will go from glossy to bubbling to golden with edges that crisp slightly, and you should hear gentle sizzling as moisture escapes; keep the oven door in sight because broiling can transform the top in under a minute, and a frequent mistake is walking away and letting the cheese burn rather than reach the desired golden brown.