Warm the olive oil in a large dutch oven or heavy bottomed pot over medium-high heat. Once the oil is shimmering, carefully add the shallots to the center of the pot, cut-side down. Gently sprinkle the chopped carrots over the shallots and spread them out so most of them are touching the bottom of the pot. Sear the vegetables for 3 to 4 minutes, until the bottom of the shallots are browned. Flip the shallots and do your best to flip the carrots; sauté for an additional 2 to 3 minutes until browned. Reduce the heat to medium.: As the olive oil warms you will see it shimmer and smell a faint fruitiness, that signals it is ready. When you bed the shallots cut-side down you should hear a gentle sizzle, and within a few minutes the edges will caramelize to a deep amber, creating a rich aroma that smells sweet and savory. The carrots will pick up brown spots where they touch the pot, adding roasted flavor. Keep an eye on the color, and move them if any part darkens too quickly; uneven browning is a common mistake here. If the pot smokes or the oil darkens, lower the heat immediately. This initial sear builds the foundational flavors that will carry through the entire soup, so resist the urge to crowd the pan or rush this step.
Add the garlic, harissa, coriander, cumin, cinnamon, turmeric, and black pepper to the pot and mix well. Sauté the spices until fragrant and browned, 1 to 2 minutes.: When you add the minced garlic and spices you will notice a burst of fragrance almost immediately as the essential oils bloom in the hot fat. Stir constantly so the spice mixture coats the vegetables and to prevent any single spot from burning. Within one to two minutes the aroma will shift from raw spice to warm, toasty notes. A common pitfall is letting the garlic brown too long, which makes it bitter; keep stirring and lower the heat if the pan becomes too hot. This step is crucial because toasting the spices in oil amplifies their flavor and integrates them into the soup base rather than letting them taste flat.
Add the rinsed lentils to the pot along with the vegetable broth, water, and salt. Use a spatula to gently scrape off any browned bits from the bottom of the pot if necessary, then mix well and cover the pot.: As you pour in the vegetable broth and water , you will see the pan deglaze, lifting those caramelized brown bits into the liquid and releasing concentrated flavor. The sphere of aromas expands into a savory steam, and the sight of the pot going from dry to gently simmering is reassuring. Stir the rinsed red lentils so they distribute evenly, then bring the liquid to an even layer across the vegetables. Scraping the pan is important to avoid burnt residues that would impart bitterness. Avoid adding too much salt at this stage, because the broth may already contribute sodium; you can always finish seasoning later.
Bring the pot to a boil over high heat, then uncover the pot, reduce the heat to medium, and simmer until the lentils are tender, 12 to 14 minutes. Stir the soup occasionally to make sure nothing sticks to the bottom of the pan. If the soup begins to splatter you can reduce the heat to medium-low.: Once the surface breaks into gentle bubbling, the scent deepens into a warm, spiced aroma. You should hear a soft, rhythmic simmer, and the lentils will absorb liquid and begin to thicken the broth. Stirring occasionally prevents any sticking or burning, and pay attention to the visual cue of tender carrot pieces; they should pierce easily with a fork. If the soup splatters, it can be managed by turning down the heat, otherwise splattering can make a mess and cause uneven cooking. Proper simmering is how you meld flavors and reach the right texture for blending.
Carefully transfer the soup to a high-speed blender with a venting lid; you will most likely need to work in 2 batches. Blend the soup on high speed for 45 to 60 seconds or until it is smooth, then return to the pot. (Note: I do not recommend using an immersion blender for this recipe as the carrots and shallot are cut too large).: I do not recommend using an immersion blender for this recipe as the carrots and shallot are cut too large) : When you transfer hot soup to a blender you should hear the thrum of blades and smell the concentrated spice delight as it purees. Work in batches to avoid overfilling, and slightly vent the lid so steam can escape safely. The texture will transform from chunky to velvety, and a uniform color indicates thorough blending. A frequent oversight is blending too long in a single crowded jar which can spit hot liquid; let batches settle and use caution. The silky finish you achieve here is what makes the mouthfeel luxurious, so take the time for a smooth puree.
Return the soup to the pot and stir in the lemon juice and any extra salt and pepper, to taste. If the soup is too thick for your preference you can thin it out with additional water or vegetable broth.: As you reheat the soup gently, the bright citrus of the lemon juice will lift aromas and sharpen flavors, making the spices pop. Taste in small spoonfuls and adjust the kosher salt and black pepper gradually until the balance feels lively but not salty. If the texture feels too dense, add a little water or vegetable broth until it reaches your ideal consistency. A common mistake is over-salting before tasting, so always add seasoning in increments. The final seasoning is where the soup finds its voice, so be mindful and taste often.
Serve warm and topped as desired; I like to garnish each soup with a dollop of vegan yogurt, a drizzle of olive oil, and some fresh herbs. Store any leftover soup in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 5 days, or you can freeze leftovers for up to 2 months.: The presentation matters, and a spoonful of vegan yogurt adds cooling contrast while a drizzle of olive oil gives shine and richness. Fresh mint or parsley provides herbal brightness and a pleasant textural counterpoint. When cooled and stored, the soup often tastes even more integrated the next day; just reheat gently to avoid splitting any dairy alternatives. A typical pitfall is reheating on too high heat which can change texture, so warm slowly and stir frequently. Proper garnishing improves each bowl and the leftovers keep well for quick meals.